Total R&D personnel by sectors and sex
Time series : NIRD_2.2_en.xls
| Sectors | Total | Of which: Female |
|---|---|---|
| HEADCOUNT | ||
| Total | 35 179 | 17 474 |
| Business enterprises | 16 135 | 6 651 |
| Government | 8 673 | 4 922 |
| Higher education | 10 173 | 5 800 |
| Non-profit institutions | 198 | 101 |
| FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT | ||
| Total | 25 411 | 12 361 |
| Business enterprises | 13 228 | 5 460 |
| Government | 8 122 | 4 600 |
| Higher education | 3 923 | 2 229 |
| Non-profit institutions | 138 | 72 |
* Preliminary data. |
||
31.10.2024
ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRS)
| Contact | |
|---|---|
| Contact organisation | National Statistical Institute |
| Contact organisation unit | Statistics on Labour costs, Research and Development, Innovation and Information Society Department |
| Contact name | Nadia Katerinkina |
| Contact person function | State expert |
| Contact mail address | 2, P. Volov Str.; 1038 Sofia, Bulgaria |
| Contact email address | |
| Contact phone number | +359 2 9857 167 |
| Contact fax number | |
| Statistical presentation | |
| Data description | The statistical survey on research and development activity (R&D) provides internationally comparable information about the characterization of resources (expenditure and personnel) on research and development in Bulgaria. |
| Classification system | · Classification of economic activities (CEA-2008, for international use NACE.BG-2008); · Fields of Research and Development (FORD) classification; · Classification of territorial units for statistics in Bulgaria (NUTS). |
| Sector coverage | R&D survey covers R&D performed in all four institutional sectors: Business enterprise (BES), Government (GOV), Higher education (HES), Private non-profit (PNP). |
| Statistical concepts and definitions | Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge. R&D activity covers basic research, applied research and experimental development. The indicator 'R&D expenditure' is defined as all expenditures for R&D performed within a statistical unit, whatever the source of funds. Total intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) comprises current costs and capital expenditure on R&D. The indicator 'R&D personnel' measures the human resources going directly into R&D activity, responsible for creation, application and dissemination of new knowledge. R&D personnel include all persons engaged directly in R&D, as well as those providing direct support on R&D (R&D managers, administrators, technicians and clerical staff). R&D personnel comprise following categories: · Researchers; · Other R&D personnel. Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. Other R&D personnel comprise Technicians and Other supporting staff. Technicians participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. Other supporting staff includes skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects. |
| Statistical unit | Enterprise. |
| Statistical population | R&D survey covers all scientific institutions and organizations, the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the Agricultural Academy, higher education institutes, university hospitals, enterprises and other organizations, which irrespective of their main activity perform R&D as well - i.e. if at least one person of the personnel is engaged in R&D during the year. |
| Reference area | Bulgaria. |
| Time coverage | Since 1996 - the last reference year. |
| Base period | Not applicable. |
| Statistical processing | |
| Source data | R&D survey. |
| Frequency of data collection | Yearly. |
| Data collection | Exhaustive survey for all enterprises and organizations performing R&D as a primary or secondary activity. Data are collected using a paper and electronic (on-line) questionnaire included in the annual reports on the activities of enterprises, budget organizations and financial institutions. |
| Data validation | Data validation is done through arithmetic and logic control of input data and comparison of the output data with the results of previous R&D surveys and data from administrative sources. |
| Data compilation | The R&D survey is exhaustive survey and no estimates are made. |
| Adjustment | Not applicable. |
| Quality management | |
| Quality assurance | Statistical practices used to compile R&D data are in compliance with Frascati Manual recommendations. |
| Quality assessment | Quality assessment is based on standard quality criteria - relevance, accuracy and reliability, timeliness, comparability and coherence. |
| Relevance | |
| User needs | Main users of R&D data are ministries, research institutions and other users in the country, as well as Eurostat, OCDE and other international organizations. |
| User satisfaction | User satisfaction survey is not conducted. |
| Completeness | In accordance with Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 the required data completeness is ensured for all variables. |
| Data completeness - rate | R&D data are produced in all required breakdowns for the obligatory variables according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197. Additional data breakdowns are also compiled in order to satisfy user needs. |
| Accuracy and reliability | |
| Overall accuracy | The statistical data are of good accuracy and reliability. |
| Sampling error | The survey is exhaustive and there are no sampling errors. |
| Sampling errors - indicators | The survey is exhaustive and there are no sampling errors. |
| Non-sampling error | |
| Coverage error | There are no indications for coverage errors. |
| Over-coverage - rate | There is no over-coverage. |
| Common units - proportion | Not applicable. |
| Measurement error | In order to minimize the measurement errors, because of misunderstanding of the respondents, R&D questionnaire is attended with methodological explanatory notes in line with Frascati Manual recommendations. |
| Non response error | Actions to reduce the non-response include telephone calls and e-mails to the respondents for collection of data. |
| Unit non-response - rate | Unit non-response error is 8.2%. |
| Item non-response - rate | There is not item non-response error. |
| Processing error | Processing errors are negligible due to extensive arithmetic and logical checking control of data. |
| Imputation - rate | Not applicable. |
| Model assumption error | Not applicable. |
| Seasonal adjustment | Not applicable. |
| Data revision - policy | Not applicable. |
| Data revision - practice | Not applicable. |
| Data revision - average size | Not applicable. |
| Timeliness and punctuality | |
| Timeliness | Preliminary data - 10 months after the end of the reference period. Final data - 14 months after the end of the reference period. |
| Time lag - first results | Preliminary data - 10 months after the end of the reference period. |
| Time lag - final results | Final data - 14 months after the end of the reference period. |
| Punctuality | Deadlines for R&D data delivery, specified in the Release Calendar, are strictly respected. |
| Punctuality - delivery and publication | R&D data are published at the date specified in the Release Calendar presenting the results of the statistical surveys carried out by the NSI. |
| Coherence and comparability | |
| Comparability - geographical | Data for Bulgaria are comparable with the data for the rest EU member states. |
| Asymmetry for mirror flows statistics - coefficient | Not applicable. |
| Comparability - over time | Data are comparable over time. |
| Length of comparable time series | |
| Coherence - cross domain | R&D data are coherent with data obtained from the Innovation survey. |
| Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | Not applicable. |
| Coherence - National Accounts | R&D data are used for estimation of capitalization of R&D expenditure in the national accounts. |
| Coherence - internal | No significant deviations between preliminary and final R&D data. |
| Accessibility and clarity | |
| News release | News release on the basis of preliminary data from the survey. |
| Publications | · Statistical Yearbook; · Statistical Reference book; · 'Bulgaria'(brochure). |
| On-line database | Data are available for all users on the NSI website and on NSI information system INFOSTAT under the heading R&D, Innovation and Information Society. |
| Data tables - consultations | |
| Micro-data access | Micro data are neither distributed nor provided to the users. |
| Other | Information service on request, according to the Rules for dissemination of statistical products and services of NSI. |
| Metadata - consultations | |
| Documentation on methodology | Methodological manual 'Frascati' (Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development - Frascati Manual, OECD, 2015), adopted by Eurostat for statistical surveys on R&D. |
| Metadata completeness – rate | |
| Quality documentation | Quality reports on R&D statistics. |
| Cost and burden | |
Not applicable. | |
| Confidentiality | |
| Confidentiality - policy |
|
| Confidentiality – data treatment | The individual (primary) data are confidential according to the Law on Statistics and European legislation. To ensure their protection and inability to be identified, the aggregated indicators are also defined as confidential when the indicator is calculated from one or two enterprises or one enterprise formed more than 85% of the total value of this indicator. |
| Comment | |
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Metadata Structure Definition in SDMX 2.1: ESQRS_MSD+BNSI+2.0+SDMX.2.1.xml
Download in SDMX 2.0 file format: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY (R&D) - R&D expenditure; R&D personnel
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Research and Development Activity in 2023 (preliminary data)
In 2023, the total amount of expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) was 1 467.5 million BGN, which was 15.9% more than the previous year. The annual growth tendency is retained for the period 2019 - 2023.
R&D intensity (R&D expenditure as a percentage of the gross domestic product) amounted to 0.79% and it was 0.04 percentage points higher than in 2022.
Regarding R&D expenditure by fields of science in 2023, as in the previous year, the highest share belonged to the R&D expenditure in engineering and technology science...
Research and Development Activity in 2022 (preliminary data)
In 2022, the total amount of expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) was 1 265.6 million BGN, which was 17.8% more than the previous year. The annual growth tendency is retained for the period 2018 - 2022.
R&D intensity (R&D expenditure as a percentage of the gross domestic product) amounted to 0.75% and it was 0.02 percentage points lower than in 2021.
Regarding R&D expenditure by fields of science in 2022, as in the previous year, the highest share belonged to the R&D expenditure in technical sciences - 50.5% (638...
Research and Development Activity in 2021 (preliminary data)
In 2021, the total amount of expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) was 1 074.0 million BGN, which was 4.9% more than the previous year. The annual growth tendency is retained for the period 2017 - 2021.
R&D intensity (R&D expenditure as a percentage of the gross domestic product) amounted to 0.77% and it was 0.08 percentage points lower than in 2020.
In the structure of R&D expenditure by fields of science in 2021, as in the previous year, the highest share belonged to the R&D expenditure in technical sciences - 51.5% (...
Research and Development Activity in 2020 (preliminary data)
According to the preliminary data in 2020 the total amount of expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) was 1 023.8 million BGN, and the personnel engaged in conducting research and experimental development amounted to 26 085 (in full-time equivalent).
...Research and Development Activity in 2019 (preliminary data)
According to the preliminary data in 2019 the total amount of expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) was 1 002.1 million BGN, and the personnel engaged in conducting research and experimental development amounted to 26 399 (in full-time equivalent).
...Research and Development Activity in 2018 (preliminary data)
In 2018, the total amount of expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) was 827.6 million BGN, which was 8.9% more than the previous year.
...Research and Development Activity in 2017 (preliminary data)
In 2017, the total amount of expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) was 760.2 million BGN, which was 3.5% more than the previous year.
...Research and Development Activity in 2016 (preliminary data)
In 2016, the total amount of expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) was 734.0 million BGN which was 13.7% less than the previous year.
...Research and Development Activity in 2015 (preliminary data)
In 2015, the total amount of expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) was 847.2 million BGN which was 27.4% more than the previous year.
...Research and Development Activity in 2014 (preliminary data)
In 2014, the total amount of expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) was 656.1 million BGN which was 25.8% more than the previous year.
...Research and Development Activity in 2013 (preliminary data)
In 2013, the total amount of expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) was 521.2 million BGN which was 5.0% more than the previous year.
...Research and Development Activity in 2012 (preliminary data)
In 2012, the total amount of the expenditure on research and development (R&D) was 495.9 million BGN, which was by 15.5% more in comparison with the previous year. The R&D intensity amounted to 0.64% of GDP and was by 0.07 percentage points higher compared to 2011.
...Research and Development Activity in 2011 (preliminary data)
In 2011 the total amount of the expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) was 429.6 million BGN or by 1.9% more in comparison with the previous year, as their growth compared to the previous years in absolute value had no impact on the R&D intensity (R&D expenditure as % of GDP) which is one of the key indicators for measuring progress of the European Union (EU) in achieving the targets of the new Europe 2020 strategy - a strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.
...Research and Development Activity, 2010
In 2010 the total amount of the expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) is 420.1 million BGN which increases by 16.4% in comparison with the previous year and the annual growth tendency retains for the period of 2006 - 2010.
...Research and Development Activity in 2009 (preliminary data)
In 2009 the total amount of the expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) is 361.1 million BGN which increases by 10.8% in comparison with the previous year and the annual growth tendency retains for the period of 2005 - 2009.
...Research and Development Activity, 2008
In 2008 the total expenditure amount to 0.49% of GDP, which is only 0.01 percentage points higher than the previous year.
...Research and Development Activity, 2008 (preliminary data)
In 2008 the total amount of the expenditure on research and development activity (R&D) is 325.9 million BGN which increases by 19.3% in comparison with the previous year and the annual growth tendency retains for the period of 2001 - 2008.
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The publication presents data on main macroeconomic indicators of the national economy - gross domestic product, investments and finance; and economic activity groupings - industry, agriculture, forestry, transport,...
Bulgaria 2015
The National Statistical Institute presents the bilingual (Bulgarian/English) brochure Bulgaria 2015 to users of statistical information. The brochure is addressed to a wide range of users (international institutions, businessmen, students, experts etc.) and changes the traditional presentation of statistical information by offering an innovative structure with a parallel translation in English. The publication contains topical statistical information about the demographic, social and economic development of the country over the 2010 - 2014 period. It also includes non-tra...
Statistical Yearbook 2014
The National Statistical Institute (NSI) has the pleasure to present to the attention of national and foreign users of statistical information the 82nd edition of the ‘Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Bulgaria’ in printed and electronic format.
It provides current statistical information about the demographic, economic and social development of the country for 2009 - 2013 in different territorial and classification aggregations and breakdowns.
According to the Law on Statistics, official source of information in the Republic of Bulgaria is the Nati...
Statistical Reference Book 2014
The National Statistical Institute presents to users of statistical information the annual publication - Statistical Reference Book 2014 in English.
The Statistical Reference Book presents topical information on the demographic processes as well as the economic, social and cultural development of the Republic of Bulgaria for the 2009 - 2013 period.
The publication presents data on main macroeconomic indicators of the national economy - gross domestic product, investments and finance; and economic activity groupings - industry, agriculture, forestry, tran...
Statistical Reference Book 2014 (Bulgarian version)
The National Statistical Institute presents to users of statistical information the annual publication - Statistical Reference Book 2014 in Bulgarian.
The Statistical Reference Book presents topical information on the demographic processes as well as the economic, social and cultural development of the Republic of Bulgaria for the 2009 - 2013 period.
The publication presents data on main macroeconomic indicators of the national economy - gross domestic product, investments and finance; and economic activity groupings - industry, agriculture, forestry, tr...
Bulgaria 2014
The National Statistical Institute presents the bilingual (Bulgarian/English) brochure Bulgaria 2014 to users of statistical information. The brochure is addressed to a wide range of users (international institutions, businessmen, students, experts etc.) and changes the traditional presentation of statistical information by offering an innovative structure with a parallel translation in English. The publication contains topical statistical information about the demographic, social and economic development of the country over the 2008 - 2013 period. It also includes non-traditional ...
Statistical Yearbook 2013
The National Statistical Institute (NSI) has the pleasure to present to the attention of national and foreign users of statistical information the 81st edition of the ‘Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Bulgaria’ in printed and electronic format.
It provides current statistical information about the demographic, economic and social development of the country for 2008 - 2012 in different territorial and classification aggregations and breakdowns.
According to the Law on Statistics, official source of information in the Republic of Bulgaria is the Nati...
Statistical Reference Book 2013
The National Statistical Institute presents to users of statistical information the annual publication - Statistical Reference Book 2013 in English.
The Statistical Reference Book presents topical information on the demographic processes as well as the economic, social and cultural development of the Republic of Bulgaria for the 2008 - 2012 period.
The publication presents data on main macroeconomic indicators of the national economy - gross domestic product, investments and finance; and economic activity groupings - industry, agric...
Statistical Reference Book 2013 (Bulgarian version)
The National Statistical Institute presents to users of statistical information the annual publication - Statistical Reference Book 2013 in Bulgarian.
The Statistical Reference Book presents topical information on the demographic processes as well as the economic, social and cultural development of the Republic of Bulgaria for the 2008 - 2012 period.
The publication presents data on main macroeconomic indicators of the national economy - gross domestic product, investments and finance; and economic activity groupings - industry, agr...
Bulgaria 2013
The National Statistical Institute presents the bilingual (Bulgarian/English) brochure Bulgaria 2013 to users of statistical information. The brochure is addressed to a wide range of users (international institutions, businessmen, students, experts etc.) and changes the traditional presentation of statistical information by offering an innovative structure with a parallel translation in English. The publication contains topical statistical information about the demographic, social and economic development of the country over the 2007 - 2012 period. It also inc...
Statistical Reference Book 2012
The National Statistical Institute presents to users of statistical information the annual publication - Statistical Reference Book 2012 in English.
The Statistical Reference Book represents topical information on the demographic processes as well as the economic, social and cultural development of the Republic of Bulgaria for the 2007 - 2011 period.
The publication presents data on main macroeconomic indicators of the national economy - gross domestic product, investments and finance; and economic activity groupings - industry, agr...
Statistical Reference Book 2012 (Bulgarian version)
The National Statistical Institute presents to users of statistical information the annual publication - Statistical Reference Book 2012 in Bulgarian.
The Statistical Reference Book presents topical information on the demographic processes as well as the economic, social and cultural development of the Republic of Bulgaria for the 2007 - 2011 period.
The publication presents data on main macroeconomic indicators of the national economy - gross domestic product, investments and finance; and economic activity groupings&...
Bulgaria 2012
The National Statistical Institute presents the bilingual (Bulgarian/English) brochure Bulgaria 2012 to users of statistical information. The brochure is addressed to a wide range of users (international institutions, businessmen, students, experts etc.) and changes the traditional presentation of statistical information by offering an innovative structure with a parallel translation in English. The publication contains topical statistical information about the demographic, social and economic development of the country over the 2006 - 2011 period. It also inc...
Statistical Yearbook 2011
The National Statistical Institute (NSI) has the pleasure to submit to the attention of national and foreign users of statistical information the 79th edition of the ‘Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Bulgaria’ in printed and electronic format.
It provides current statistical information about the demographic, economic and social development of the country for the 2005 - 2010 period in different territorial and classification aggregations and breakdowns.
According ...
Statistical Reference Book 2011
The National Statistical Institute presents to users of statistical information the annual publication - Statistical Reference Book 2011 in English. It is a concise form of the same issue in Bulgarian.
The Statistical Reference Book presents topical information on the demographic processes as well as the economic, social and cultural development of the Republic of Bulgaria for the 2006 - 2010 period.
The publication presents data on main macroeconomic indicators of the national economy - gross domestic product, investments...
Bulgaria 2011
The National Statistical Institute presents the bilingual (Bulgarian/English) brochure Bulgaria 2011 to users of statistical information. The brochure is addressed to a wide range of users (international institutions, businessmen, students, experts etc.) and changes the traditional presentation of statistical information by offering an innovative structure with a parallel translation in English. The publication contains topical statistical information about the demographic, social and economic development of the country over the 2005 - 2010 period. It als...
Statistical Yearbook 2010
The National Statistical Institute (NSI) has the pleasure to submit to the attention of national and foreign users of statistical information the 78th edition of the ‘Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Bulgaria’ in printed and electronic format.
It provides current statistical information about the demographic, economic and social development of the country for the 2004 - 2009 period in different territorial and classification aggregations and breakdowns.
Accor...
Statistical Yearbook 2009
The National Statistical Institute (NSI) has the pleasure to submit to the attention of national and foreign users of statistical information the 77th edition of the ‘Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Bulgaria’ in printed and electronic format. The issue is published in 2010, which marks 130 years since the establishment of a statistical institution in Bulgaria and 100 years since publishing of the first ‘Statistical Yearbook of the Bulgarian Kingdom’ in 1910.
This issue has new design and layout. It provides current statistical information about ...
Statistical Reference Book 2010
The National Statistical Institute presents to users of statistical information the annual publication - Statistical Reference Book 2010 in English. It is a concise form of the same issue in Bulgarian.
The Statistical Reference Book presents topical information on the demographic processes as well as the economic, social and cultural development of the Republic of Bulgaria for the 2005 - 2009 period.
The publication presents data on main macroeconomic indicators of the national economy - gross domestic product, investments...
Bulgaria 2010
The National Statistical Institute presents the bilingual (Bulgarian/English) brochure Bulgaria 2010 to users of statistical information. The brochure is addressed to a wide range of users (international institutions, businessmen, students, experts etc.) and changes the traditional presentation of statistical information by offering an innovative structure with a parallel translation in English. The publication contains topical statistical information about the demographic, social and economic development of the country over the 2003 - 2009 period. It also inc...
Bulgaria 2009 - Statistical Panorama
The National Statistical Institute annual publication Bulgaria 2009 - Statistical Panorama (in Bulgarian and summary in English) is available to users of statistical information. In the issue are analyzed the demographic, social and economic development of the Republic of Bulgaria in 2009. Comparisons with the previuous 2008, the basic 2000 and the year 1995 are also made. The publication considers trends and structural changes occurring in the country. Results from pilot Eurostat projects and one-time surveys in the respective fields are being used.
<...Sustainable Development of Bulgaria 2008
The National Statistical Institute offers to the users of statistical information the annual publication “Sustainable Development of Bulgaria 2008”. The issue is bilingual (Bulgarian/English) and is structured in sections and subsections, as each subsection contains short analytical text and charts.
The information is systematized in the following sections:
- Socioeconomic development;
- Sustainable consumption and production;
- Social inclusion;
- Demographic changes;
- Public health;
- Climate chang...
Statistical Reference Book 2009
The National Statistical Institute presents to users of statistical information the annual publication - Statistical Reference Book 2009 in English. It is a concise form of the same issue in Bulgarian.
The issue is with a new design and enrich contents. For the first time are included methodological and analytic notes towards all chapters. The information is illustrated with a rich graphic materials.
The Statistical Reference Book presents topical information on the demographic processes as well as the economic, social and cultural ...
Bulgaria 2008 - Statistical Panorama
The National Statistical Institute annual publication Bulgaria 2008 - Statistical Panorama (in Bulgarian and summary in English) is available to users of statistical information. In the issue are analyzed the demographic, social and economic development of the Republic of Bulgaria in 2008. Comparisons with the preceding years are made and the tendencies of the development and the current structural changes are considered.
The publication is formed topically by sections, as each section contains short analytical text with charts and tables. The mai...
Bulgaria 2009
The National Statistical Institute presents the bilingual (Bulgarian/English) brochure Bulgaria 2009 to users of statistical information. The brochure is addressed to a wide range of users (international institutions, businessmen, students, experts etc.) and changes the traditional presentation of statistical information by offering an innovative structure with a parallel translation in English. The publication contains topical statistical information about the demographic, social and economic development of the country over the 2003 - 2008 period. It also inc...
Statistical Yearbook 2008
The National Statistical Institute has the pleasure to submit to the attention of national and foreign users of statistical information the 76th edition of the Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Bulgaria 2008. It provides topical statistical information on the demographic, economic and social development of the country for the 2002 - 2007 period in different territorial and classification aggregations and breakdowns.
According to the Law on Statistics, official source of information in the Republic of Bulgaria is the National Statistical System, wh...
Sustainable Development of Bulgaria 2007
The National Statistical Institute offers to the users of statistical information the new annual publication Sustainable Development of Bulgaria 2007. The issue is bilingual (Bulgarian/English) and is structured in sections and subsections, as each subsection contains short analytical text and charts.
The information is systematized in the following sections:
• Socioeconomic development;
• Sustainable consumption and production;
• Social inclusion;...
Statistical Reference Book of the Republic of Bulgaria 2008
The National Statistical Institute presents to users of statistical information one of its main publications - Statistical Reference Book of the Republic of Bulgaria 2008 in English. It is a concise form of the same issue in Bulgarian.
The Statistical Reference Book presents topical information on the demographic processes as well as the economic, social and cultural development of the Republic of Bulgaria for the 2004 - 2007 period.
The publication presents data on main macroeconomic indicators of the national economy - gross dom...
